Architecture of Cologne Cathedral Astounding Facts and Photos
From Frankfurt to Cologne, we went all the way to see the Cologne Cathedral: a UNESCO World Heritage Site. As we entered the city the first thing we got see were the two steeples of this massive Cathedral. The most unique feature of Cologne Cathedral architecture I had read is that it is the second tallest church. Standing at its base it was impossible to capture the entire facade. The height of Cologne Cathedral is an astounding 157 m!
Before proceeding further let me ask you, do you know that a cathedral based on this Cologne Cathedral is built in India too? Yes it is the St. Philomena Cathedral in Mysore, Karnataka.
Cologne was the first halt on the first day of our second Europe road trip . We plan to cover Mainz after Cologne and then head to Woldorf.
Spires of Cologne Cathedral Germany
The two main steeples seemed to stretch out and reach the sky. Visitors can climb the 509 steps to the top of Cologne Cathedral’s south tower for panoramic views of the city and the surrounding Rhineland.
Cologne Cathedral features a classic cruciform shape, typical of Gothic cathedrals. This shape resembles a cross when viewed from above, with a long nave stretching from the entrance towards the altar and two transepts crossing it horizontally. I really wished for a drone camera to capture the view of the Cathedral shape from top!
Cologne Cathedral also called the ‘Cathedral of Blessed Virgin and St. Peter’ escaped the WWII bombings. Good! Otherwise the 600+ years that went in the construction of this great monument would have gone waste and the monument would have been reduced to dust in seconds.
Koln Cathedral
Pollution, wind, rain and snow is eating away its exteriors, the facade has a dark grey color and while we were there a section of the facade was under repairs. The doors and the work on the arches over them seemed impossibly beautiful and fine. And this was only the exterior!
Door arch details of Cologne Cathedral
Walking in to Cologne Cathedral I got the feeling of being surrounded with tall spires. I did expect to see huge interior yet I was stunned, the infinite space and light in the interiors surpassed all my imagination. I was looking at the ceiling 130ft up above my head!
Moving around in Cologne Cathedral interior and trying to avoid bumping in to fellow tourists was an experience by itself. Every photographer there seemed to be concentrating on getting that right angle and the right framing of images within.
Architecture of Cologne Cathedral Germany
The other names of Cologne Cathedral are: Kölner Dom in German and Cathedral Church of Saint Peter in English. Cologne Cathedral of Germany was included in UNESCO World Heritage site list in 1996. It took 7 centuries to complete the structure! Cologne Cathedral, also known as Kölner Dom, is approximately 797 years old as of 2024.
Cologne Cathedral in Germany was built with an estimated 200,000 tons of raw materials, all without the benefit of computers, sophisticated machinery or cranes! A stunning miracle, it stands strong even today having survived 14 hits during WWII.
Architecture of Cologne Cathedral
This mighty and silent Gothic structure absorbs in prayers and dreams of millions of tourists every year. I consider myself lucky to have visited and prayed in this great monument. Time needed to see all of Cologne Cathedral interior can easily take one to one and half hours.
Some Facts of Cathedral Interior
The high altar is consecrated to St. Paul the Apostle. Behind it is the Shrine of the Magi, which, like a basilica, embodies the Trinity. This is an outstanding piece of medieval goldsmith’s art. It is impressive with dimensions of .10m wide, 1.53m tall and 2.20m long. The shrine was created to house the relics of the Three Wise Men or Magi.
There are around 104 seats in the medieval choir stalls in inner choir of Cologne Cathedral. The seats are made of oak wood and are so intricately carved. Among these special seats were reserved for the Pope and the German Emperor.
Bible Window of Cologne Cathedral
Cologne Cathedral Stained Glass windows are famed ones. Search out the famous Bible Window is one of the Cathedral’s oldest stained-glass windows. It is located in the central chapel of the ambulatory. Not only this but all stained-glass windows play a key role in the Cathedral’s overall artistic conception.
The whole idea of having so many stain glass windows was based on concept of the celestial city as mentioned in the Old Testament. In those days glass was considered a reflection of the celestial light. It was believed that light through glass makes the Divine Wisdom visible and creates a mystical darkness. The 19th century glass painters used as many as 40 glass pigments and the result is the energetic luminescence of the huge windows.
Colorful Stained Glass Bible window in Cologne Cathedral Germany
Stained Glass Windows
After seeing so many life-sized human figures in stained glass one particular window attracted my attention. It had many small colored squares. The interesting story associated with it is that there was previously a window donated by King William I of Prussia. It depicted standing life-sized figures of archbishops of Cologne and secular rulers. Unfortunately the window was totally destroyed in the World War II. Cologne-based painter Gerhard Richter designed this new window.
I had to pause before this simple yet stunning window in the southern semi-transept with an area of more than 100 m². It is said there are 80 shades of color in this one window! Light filtering in through these colored glasses is said to create an atmosphere which is similar to that originally intended by the medieval builders.
Cologne Cathedral Sculptures
Medieval statue of Saint Christopher Patron of Travelers
The most delicate works of Cologne cathedral, the stain glass paintings were removed and kept safely during the WWII. Interiors has stone figures on the choir piers representing Christ, the Virgin and the twelve Apostles.
History of the Cologne Cathedral
History of Cologne Cathedral, a masterpiece of Gothic architecture, is as rich as its intricate stone façade and soaring spires. This Gothic Cathedral stands as a symbol of faith, resilience, and human ingenuity.
Cologne Cathedral history begins in 1248 when Archbishop Konrad von Hochstaden laid the foundation stone. Over the centuries, the cathedral witnessed interruptions in construction due to funding shortages, political turmoil, and the Black Death. Despite these challenges, generations of architects, craftsmen, and builders dedicated themselves to its completion.
By the late 19th century, Cologne Cathedral rose majestically over the city skyline, its twin spires reaching towards the heavens. The completion of the cathedral in 1880 marked the culmination of over 600 years of construction.
Throughout its history, Cologne Cathedral has endured wars, natural disasters, and periods of neglect. Yet, it has always been a beacon of hope and a symbol of Cologne’s cultural identity.
Today, Cologne Cathedral stands as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, welcoming millions of visitors each year to marvel at its awe-inspiring architecture, exquisite stained-glass windows, and profound spiritual significance.
Floor Mosaic Patterns
Another of Architecture of Cologne Cathedral facts is the mosaic patterns in the floor. Don’t forget to look down at the worn off floor of the cathedral. You will find mosaic patterns on the floor of Cologne Cathedral are equally interesting!
8 years before construction of Cologne cathedral was completed, a competition was held to determine the most suitable flooring. A great deal of planning and execution went into the making of this exquisite floor.
Cologne Cathedral’s floor mosaic, the largest work of art in the cathedral completed in 1899, measures 1350sqm. The floor mosaic covers 3 main themes. They are portrayed in different parts of the choir:
- the history of the archdiocese takes up the entire ambulatory and features the names and coats of arms of a number of Cologne’s bishops and archbishops
- the Christian world order and humankind are portrayed in the inner choir
- and the cosmos is depicted in the crossing.
With so many tourists around it was difficult to get images of the floor without people standing on them. However here are some that I captured.
Opening Hours of Cologne Cathedral
6.00 – 7.30 hours (November to April)
6.00 – 9.00 hours (May to October)
Sundays and holidays – 13.00 – 16.30 hours
FAQ on Cologne Cathedral Architecture
Who built the Cologne Cathedral?
Archbishop Konrad von Hochstaden initiated the construction of Cologne Cathedral in 1248. the cathedral’s construction continued for centuries under the supervision of various architects, builders, and artisans involving many individuals and spanning several generations whose identities are not always fully documented.
How old is Cologne Cathedral? When was the Cologne Cathedral built?
Construction of Cologne Cathedral began in 1248, and the building was largely completed in 1880. However, it took over 600 years for the cathedral to be finished due to interruptions and delays in construction. Cologne Cathedral, also known as Kölner Dom, is approximately 797 years old as of 2024.
What architectural style is Cologne Cathedral built-in?
Cologne Cathedral is a prime example of High Gothic architecture, characterized by its pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses. Its design was influenced by other great cathedrals of the era, such as Notre-Dame de Paris and Chartres Cathedral.
What are some unique features of Cologne Cathedral’s architecture?
One of the most distinctive features of Cologne Cathedral is its twin spires, which rise to a height of 157 m. The cathedral’s intricate façade is adorned with countless sculptures depicting biblical scenes and figures.
How many windows does Cologne Cathedral have, and what makes them special?
Cologne Cathedral boasts over 100 stained glass windows, some of which date back to the 14th century. The most famous of these is the South Transept Window, also known as the “Window of Three Kings,” which depicts biblical stories in vibrant hues.
How was Cologne Cathedral constructed without modern machinery?
The construction of Cologne Cathedral relied heavily on the skills of medieval craftsmen and stonemasons. Techniques such as flying buttresses and scaffolding were used to support the weight of the structure and facilitate construction.
What challenges did builders face during the construction of Cologne Cathedral?
The construction of Cologne Cathedral faced numerous challenges, including funding shortages, political instability, and the Black Death. Additionally, the cathedral’s foundations had to be reinforced due to the soft, marshy ground beneath it.
Where is Cologne Cathedral?
Cologne Cathedral is situated in the heart of Cologne, Germany, on the banks of the Rhine River. Its prominent location reflects its importance as a symbol of faith and a testament to the city’s cultural heritage.
What is Cologne Cathedral made of?
The predominant stone used in its construction is a type of sandstone called “kölnisch Grauwacke,” which is local to the region. This type of sandstone gives the cathedral its distinctive warm, grayish color.
How has Cologne Cathedral been preserved and maintained over the centuries?
Cologne Cathedral has undergone extensive restoration and preservation efforts to ensure its longevity. Conservationists employ specialized techniques to clean the stone façade, repair damage, and protect the cathedral from environmental factors.
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Beautiful cathedral and history behind it. Lovely pics too Indrani.
Great art captured wonderfully!
The Stained Glass paintings are awesome…glad they could get it back
The cathedral looks amazing. Beautiful captures 🙂
Wow! — the high ceiling, the stained glass windows and all.
Thank you for showing us this cathedral.
Marvelous Architecture and Classic Photographs! The best Presentation, Indrani!
Loved the stain glass work! And 14 hits? They sure did know how to build back then!
Gorgeous!
Interior is mesmerizing 🙂
Beautiful clicks and thanks for sharing…
Superb captures, Indrani. It must definitely be an experience in itself not to bump in to fellow tourists. 😀
The interior looks very beautiful, gorgeous and magnificent.I think how it was possible in those days ? dedication to the work make everything possible !! Lovely pictures Indrani ji .
Awesome interiors!
the stain glass paintings are exquisite 🙂
Extraordinarily beautiful interiors.. very aesthetically done!
The painting looks beautiful.
i love the intricate stained glass detail.
it's always fascinating to see other people's architecture and its culture.
btw, where you heading after germany?
Marvelous…
In addition to Sunday Bridges, «Louis» has begun a new meme, Monday doorways. Your travels may have presented some interesting doorways that you may wish to contribute. Your contributions to both memes is both welcomed and appreciated!
hi indrani
beautiful cathedral
Power and grace unite!
Really beautiful windows with beautiful colors, a good shot with high perspective on the first. Greetings.
the columns, ceilings, stained glass panels are fabulous. the medieval builders are amazing. great shots.
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Great post. The cathedral is beautiful and you photographed it so well.
Thank you for taking us inside this gorgeous cathedral. The stained glass is beautiful, but your first photo of the ceiling is stunning.
Magnificent! I am so glad they preserved those stained-glass windows so that we could all enjoy them today. Thank you for the wonderful tour.
Wonderful tour again!! Boom & Gary of the Vermilon River, Canada.
How fortunate you are to see the most beautiful buildings in the world! You travel so much that Saint Christopher must be your patron as well! Great post, Indrani!
Marvelous interiors.
Beautiful cathedral and photos.
The interior looks very beautiful, gorgeous and magnificent. Lovely pictures.
Those soaring windows are magnificent!
It is truly astonishing what mankind has been able to create without the benefit of modern machinery. The stain glass windows are gorgeous and a miracle of survival.
fascinating. you're so lucky.
The interior looks really light and airy. The stained glass is incredible. We hear a lot about the English Cathredrals that survived WWII but little about the German ones.
Superb post as always, Indrani, and I love your photos! What a gorgeous, historical place! I love being able to visit places like this! Thanks for sharing the beauty and the history! Enjoy your week!
Sylvia
Exquisite stained glass paintings.
Very nice Indrani…. i like this.
Greetings, Joop